Esters

• carbon attached to a double bonded oxygen and a single bonded oxygen
• ends with -oate

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKSd2RJolNA

Watch this video on how to write the functional group esters

Janine R

Nitro, Amide, & Amine

Nitro

• nitrogen has a double bond with an oxygen and a single bond with oxygen
• located at the end of a parent chain

Nitro Pentane

3 Nitro Benzoic Acid

Amide

• oxygen and NH2 bond
• ends in -amide

Propanamide

Amine

• nitrogen part of the parent chain
• ends as Amine

pentyl amine

Janine R

Aldehydes and Caroxylic Acid

Aldehydes

-double bonded O --> end of your cahin
- simplest aldehyde is methanol
-  endings : al

Example:

Carboxylic Acid

-from by the functional group


- uses standard rules
- parent cahin ends : oic acid

Nicole H

Alicylics and Aromatics

- carbon chains can form 2 types of closed loops
- Alicylics are loops usually made with single bonds
- if parent chain is a loop standard naming rules apply
        - with one addition: "cyclo" is added in front of the parent chain

3 different ways to draw organic compunds:

1. Complete Structural Diagram

2. Condensed Structural Diagram

3. Line Diagram

- numbering can go anywhere starting with clockwise or counter clockwise on the loop but the side chains must be the lowest possible

BENZENE:

Nicole H

Alcohols, Halides, Ketone and Ethers

ALCOHOLS:
-contain functional groups OH (hydroxol)
one OH : Ends in ol
two OH : Ends in diol
three OH : Ends in triol

Example : Ethanol



HALIDES:
- it only includes group 17 from the periodic table
ending : O
Flourine: Floro
Chlorine: Cloro
Bromine: Bromo
Iodine: Ioda

Example: 1 cloroethane



KETONE:
- double bonded oxygen
- ends in anone
-double bond cannot be in the beginning or the end

Example: butanone



ETHERS:
-only contains oxygen
- always between two carbons
- numerical order ( not alphabetical order like the others)
-ends in ether

Example: dimethyl ether

Nicole H

Alkenes and Alkynes (double&triple bonds)

• carbon can form double and triple bonds with carbon atoms
• naming rule  --the position of the double/triple bonds always have the lowest number and is out in front of the parent chain
• double bonds (alkenes) end in -ene
• triple bonds (alkynes) end in -yne

EX.

5, 5 diethyl 2,6,7 trimethyl 3 octene

Ethene

4 methyl 2 pentyne

Multiple Double Bonds

• more than one double bond can exist in a molecule
• you can use the same multipliers inside the parent chain

Janine R